|
Type | Contaminant | Possible Health Effects | Sources of Contaminant in Drinking Water |
Microbiological | Cryptosporidium | Cryptosporidosis | Human and animal fecal wastes |
Giardia | Gastroenteric disease | Human and animal fecal wastes | |
Coliform bacteria | Gastroenteric disease, including dysentery, cholera | Human and animal fecal wastes | |
Inorganic chemicals | Asbestos | Cancer | Natural deposits; asbestos cement in water systems |
Barium | Circulatory system effects | Natural deposits; pigments, epoxy sealant, spent coal | |
Cadmium | Kidney effects | Galvanized pipe corrosion; natural deposits; batteries, paints | |
Fluoride | Skeletal and dental damage (tooth discoloration) | Natural deposits; fertilizer, aluminum industry; drinking water additive | |
Lead | Kidney and nervous system damage | Natural/industrial deposits; plumbing, solder, brass alloy faucets | |
Mercury (inorganic) | Kidney, nervous system disorders | Crop runoff; natural deposits; batteries, electrical switches | |
Nitrate | Methemoglobulinemia (Blue Baby Syndrome) | Animal waste, fertilizer, natural deposits, septic tanks, sewage | |
Selenium | Liver damage | Natural deposits; mining, smelting, coal/oil combustion | |
Organic chemicals | Alachlor | Cancer | Runoff from herbicide on corn, soybeans, and other crops |
Atrazine | Mammary gland tumors | Runoff from use as herbicide on corn and non-cropland | |
Benzene | Cancer | Gasoline, drugs, pesticides, paint, plastic industries | |
Carbon Tetrachloride | Cancer | Solvents and their degradation products | |
Dioxin | Cancer | Chemical production by-product; impurity in herbicides | |
Endrin | Liver, kidney, heart damage | Pesticide on insects, rodents, birds; restricted since 1980 | |
Lindane | Liver, kidney, nervous, immune, circulatory system effects | Insecticide on cattle, lumber, gardens; restricted since 1983 | |
Methoxychlor | Growth, liver, kidney, nerve effects | Insecticide for fruits, vegetables, alfalfa, livestock, pets | |
PCBs | Cancer | Coolant oils from electrical transformers; plasticizers | |
Styrene | Liver and nervous system damage | Plastics, rubber, resin, drug industries; leachate from city landfills | |
Toluene | Liver, kidney, nervous and circulatory system effects | Gasoline additive; manufacturing and solvent operations | |
Total Trihalomethanes | Cancer | Drinking water chlorination by-products | |
Vinyl Chloride | Cancer | May leach from PVC pipe; formed by solvent break down | |
Source: EPA, National Primary and Secondary Drinking Water Standards |
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